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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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MALAWI.TXU
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1996-01-05
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TITLE: MALAWI HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1994
AUTHOR: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DATE: FEBRUARY 1995
In the large agricultural sector, young children work on family
farms and on smaller estates, often in the two major export
industries--tobacco and tea. Children are not commonly
employed in industrial jobs.
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
Malawi has two legislated minimum wage rates: one for cities,
and one for the rest of the country. Wage rates were last
increased in July. The minimum in the cities of Blantyre,
Lilongwe, Mzuzu, and the municipality of Zomba is $0.23 (mk
3.50) per day; in other areas it is $0.20 (mk 3.00) per day.
These wage levels do not provide a worker and family with a
decent standard of living. However, wage earners tend to
supplement their incomes through farming activities carried out
through the extended family network. The prescribed minimum
wages are largely irrelevant for the great majority of citizens
who earn their livelihood outside the formal wage sector.
Wages in Malawi's formal sector are primarily derived from the
prescribed minimum wages and by comparison to civil service
wages. Industrial employees receive the highest wages, with
most private commercial firms setting their wages higher than
those for comparable government employees. Agricultural
workers tend to receive at most the legal minimum wage, with
some additional benefits such as access to basic medical
treatment and food. While the Ministry of Labor is responsible
for enforcing the minimum wage levels, it does not do so
effectively.
There is no legislated standard workweek in Malawi, but most
companies have a maximum workweek of 48 hours with 1 day of
rest. However, some wage laborers work 7 days per week. The
Workers' Compensation Act includes extensive occupational
health and safety standards. Enforcement of these standards by
Ministry of Labor inspectors is erratic, and workers--
particularly in industrial jobs--often work without basic
safety clothing and equipment. According to the Ministry of
Labor, workers do have the right to remove themselves from
dangerous work situations without jeopardy to continued
employment.